A Rare Case Of Bilateral Variant Ansa Cervicalis And Review Of Literature

Ansa cervicalis is a nerve loop that is embedded in the anterior wall of carotid sheath of the neck. It is formed bydescendent hypoglossi and descendens cervicalis. It supplies the infrahyoid muscles. During routine dissection,a rare variant in the morphology of Ansa cervicalis was observed in adult male cadaver. The variant ansacervicalis exhibited two loops, and was present bilaterally. The formation, course and relations of the nerve loopis complex. During literature search, we came across studies which propose different classifications. Hence wehave added a note on the different classifications.Ansa cervicalis is important since it can be used in nerve-nerve anastomosis, nerve-muscle pedicle implantationin relation to reconstructive surgeries of larynx. Hence, the knowledge of variations in the formation, anddistribution is relevant. It can affect the outcome during reinnervation surgeries following recurrent laryngealparalysis and surgeries around this area of neck.

Relationship Of Great Cardiac Vein In The Triangle Of Brocq And Mouchet- A Corrosion Cast Study

Background: The triangle of Brocq and Mouchet is an arteriovenous triangle between the anterior interventricularartery, circumflex artery and the great cardiac vein. The vascular triangle has been classified into 4 types viz.closed, superiorly opened, inferiorly opened and completely opened or absent. Polyurethane foam is a newmaterial used in corrosion casting. It is economical, easy to carry out and does not require special apparatus.Context and purpose of the study:a) To study the relationship of the Great cardiac vein (GCV) in the triangle of Brocq and Mouchet in human heartsusing PU foam for corrosion cast.b) To study the relationship of GCV in relation to the arteries forming the triangle.Results: The triangle was present in 98% of the hearts. Relationship of GCV in triangle of Brocq and Mouchet:Inferiorly open type of Triangle was the most common (87.5%). Next common type was, closed type (6.7%). Inrelation to GCV relation with the arteries in the triangle, it was to the left of AIA in 87.51% and crosses circumflexartery, either superficially or deep.The GCV crossing anterior interventricular artery was found in few specimens. It crossed the artery superficiallyor deeply. The intertwining type of variation was observed in few casts, and could not be placed under anyclassification as suggested by previous authors.Conclusion: The topography of the Great cardiac vein and its variations are significant in relation to the arteriesin the region. It is relevant in interventional cardiology, radiology, and catheter-based procedures.

Maternal body mass index and feto-maternal outcome: a comparative study

Background: Increasing BMI in women poses multiple threat of illness especially in the reproductive age group impacting pregnancy. Pregnant women with overweight and obesity are at a higher risk of developing complications at all stages of the physiological pregnancy. A focus on the methods to prevent this trend of increasing weight gain in adolescence is essential curb the complications due to obesity.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Written informed consent was obtained and pregnant women visiting the antenatal OP were registered. Detailed history taking and examination was carried out with the measurement of body mass index as weight in kg/height in meter square. The women were followed up for the antepartum, intrapartum, post-partum variables and neonatal outcome.Results: Two hundred pregnant women with high BMI >25 kg/m2 and two hundred pregnant women with normal BMI were selected and were followed prospectively.  Present study showed an increased incidence of pre-eclampsia in patients with high BMI (28% as compared to 8% of the normal BMI) and a higher incidence of Gestational diabetes mellitus among women with high BMI with a value of 27.5 % compared to a value of 7.5% in women with normal BMI. Caesarean delivery was found in 54.5% of the high BMI mothers compared to 31.5% in normal BMI mothers. Postoperatively, wound gaping was found with an incidence of 4.5% in high BMI mothers. IUGR was found in 10% of babies of women with high BMI and still birth occurred in 2.5% of deliveries of high BMI mothers compared to 0.5% in mothers of normal BMI group.Conclusions: The obstetrician needs to be well versed with dietary advice and life style pattern advice to the women of the reproductive age group in order to prevent the complications of high Body mass index in pregnancy. Its imperative to counsel these women about the pre-pregnancy loss of weight, healthy food and exercise, and healthy life style pattern during pregnancy in order to have a healthy outcome.

An innovative method in venous coronary cast technique / 대한해부학회지

Polyurethane foam (PU foam) is a new material which is being used in producing both macro-anatomical and micro-anatomical specimens. PU foam is simple to use, without need for special equipment. The present study was carried out to evaluate morphology of coronary sinus and its tributaries. During the study, we encountered few problems in carrying out injections. Coronary sinus and its tributaries were difficult to cannulate since the coronary sinus lacks a vascular stem, around which ligature can be tied before injection so that the cannula can be held in place. In contrast, in majority of the organs it is easy to inject since they possess tubular vascular stem to hold the cannula in place. A new device was developed which could be used to cannulate coronary sinus orifice to inject the casting media. The second problem we faced was saponification of adipose tissue. This made corrosion of the soft tissue difficult. Hence in this study, we describe the device we have developed to place in the coronary sinus orifice, and how saponified adipose tissue was taken care during the actual maceration step.

Superior Thyroid Artery Arising From the Common Carotid Artery- Potential Source for Unpredicted Intraoperative Bleeding- A Cadaveric Case Report

Superior thyroid artery usually arises from the anterior surface of external carotid artery as its first branch. Superior thyroid artery forms an important collateral circulation in case of unilateral occlusion of common carotid artery. Due to the close relation with superior thyroid artery, external laryngeal nerve is prone to injury during thyroid surgery. Superior thyroid artery occasionally arises from the bifurcation of common carotid artery or from the common carotid artery. In the present cadaveric case, during the routine neck dissection of the cadaver in department of anatomy, anomalous origin of the left superior thyroid artery was found. It was originating from the left common carotid artery at a distance of 1.8 cm proximal to the bifurcation of common carotid artery. The length of left superior thyroid artery was 3.2 cm. left Inferior thyroid artery was present and no anomaly was found. Right superior and inferior thyroid arteries were present and no variations were found. Knowledge about these variations in the origin of superior thyroid artery is extremely important in head and neck surgeries to prevent inadvertant injury and avoid torrential bleeding